9. Personnel Expenses and Employee Numbers
Personnel expenses in 2018 were comprised as shown in the following table:
|
|
|
||
|
2017 |
2018 |
||
|
€ million |
€ million |
||
Salaries |
(1,572) |
(1,610) |
||
Social expenses and expenses for pensions and other benefits |
(343) |
(348) |
||
of which for defined contribution pension plans |
(90) |
(88) |
||
of which for defined benefit and other pension plans |
(110) |
(105) |
||
Total |
(1,915) |
(1,958) |
|
|
|
||
|
2017 |
2018 |
||
Production |
10,036 |
10,348 |
||
Marketing and distribution |
3,466 |
3,580 |
||
Research and development |
1,048 |
1,104 |
||
General administration |
1,439 |
1,575 |
||
Total |
15,989 |
16,607 |
||
Employees in vocational training |
444 |
482 |
The number of employees on either permanent or temporary contracts is stated in full-time equivalents (FTE). Part-time employees are included on a pro-rated basis in line with their contractual working hours. The figures do not include employees in vocational training.