9. Personnel Expenses and Employee Numbers
Personnel expenses consisted of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021 |
|
2022 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
€ million |
|
€ million |
Salaries |
|
(1,895) |
|
(1,564) |
Social expenses and expenses for pensions and other benefits |
|
(403) |
|
(431) |
of which for defined contribution pension plans |
|
(111) |
|
(117) |
of which for defined benefit and other pension plans |
|
(115) |
|
(114) |
Total |
|
(2,298) |
|
(1,995) |
In 2022, personnel expenses declined primarily as a result of lower expenses for short-term variable compensation as part of the Group’s Covestro Profit Sharing Plan (Covestro PSP).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021 |
|
2022 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Production |
|
11,349 |
|
11,757 |
Marketing and distribution |
|
3,257 |
|
3,281 |
Research and development |
|
1,421 |
|
1,485 |
General administration |
|
1,530 |
|
1,490 |
Total |
|
17,557 |
|
18,013 |
Employees in vocational training |
|
530 |
|
526 |
The number of permanent or temporary employees is stated in full-time equivalents. Part-time employees are included on a pro-rated basis in line with their contractual working hours. The figures do not include employees in vocational training.