Employees and Pension Obligations
As of March 31, 2023, Covestro had 17,825 employees worldwide (December 31, 2022: 17,985). Personnel expenses were down by €7 million from the prior-year quarter to €565 million in the first quarter of 2023 (previous year: €572 million).
| 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | ||||
| 
 | 
 | Dec. 31, 2022 | 
 | Mar. 31, 2023 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Production | 
 | 11,760 | 
 | 11,969 | ||||
| Marketing and distribution | 
 | 3,261 | 
 | 2,966 | ||||
| Research and development | 
 | 1,477 | 
 | 1,428 | ||||
| General administration | 
 | 1,487 | 
 | 1,462 | ||||
| Total | 
 | 17,985 | 
 | 17,825 | ||||
| 
 | ||||||||
Provisions for pensions and other post-employment benefits decreased to €462 million as of March 31, 2023 (December 31, 2022: €486 million). This is mainly attributable to the return on plan assets.
| 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
| 
 | 
 | Dec. 31, 2022 | 
 | Mar. 31, 2023 | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 
 | 
 | % | 
 | % | 
| Germany | 
 | 3.70 | 
 | 3.70 | 
| United States | 
 | 4.90 | 
 | 4.60 | 

